托福写作热点考题之对比类型考题

辛达代报考位提醒：到2018年09月22官网没有释放考位，在此提醒广大考生抓紧时间报名，如果暂时没有考位的话可以提交给我们代报，广大考生注意考试时间.

　　每年的托福独立写作考题中，比照类型考题总要占有半壁河山，拥有着十分高的出镜率。下面就由辛达代报为我们揭秘，托福考试中写作热门考题之一：比照类型考题。

　　一、比照考题何其多

　　比照类型考题在历年托福独立写作考题中，会占到相当大的比重，此类例题举目皆是。例如，从 2015年1月份第一场托福考试起到最近的4月12日的9场考试10道考题(3月7日的考试有两道考题)中就有5道考题就是比照型考题(2015.1.25，2015.2.1，2015.3.7(1)，2015.3.7 (2)，2015.3.28)我们先来简单回忆几个托福：

　　2015.1.10

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? University students should be required to take basic science classes even if they are not part of the field of the study.

　　2015.1.11

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important characteristic of a successful politician or leader is good communication skills.

　　2015.1.25

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Classmates and partner can communicate with each other face to face to finish the project better than by sending e-mail.

　　2015.1.31

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The rules that the whole societies today expect to young people to follow and obey are too strict.

　　2015.2.1

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Movies and television have more negative effects than positive effects on the way young people behave.

　　二、比照类考题的分类

　　按比较目标分类可以分为以下三类：

　　1)A or B

　　这类比照在标题中会有十分显着对两个比照目标，在挑选观念时，只选其一(骑墙式写法在托福写作中不受欢迎)。

　　例如：Classmates and partner can communicate with each other face to face to finish the project better than by sending e-mail. (2015.1.25)

　　在挑选观念时要么挑选face to face communication 要么挑选send e-mail.

　　2)A or (B)

　　这类考题比较宛转，比较目标往往在考题中只呈现一个，而另一个则可以由揣度得出。

　　例如： People will spend less time on cooking food in twenty years.(2015.3.7)

　　这道考题表面上是在问“在未来20年人们是否会更少花时刻在煮饭上”，实在是在将未来20年与现在进行比照，而它们之间的差异就是人们煮饭时刻差异的原因。

　　其它隐性比照考题还有：The professional athletes such as the football player and basket-ball player deserved high salaries to be paid?(2010.7.10)

　　这道考题表面上是在问工作运动员的高薪酬是否合理，实质上是将工作运动员的career与其它一般的career进行比照，工作运动员之所以能有高薪酬，原因在于他们的career有异于其它career 的当地，如他们的工作生涯比较短，十分简单受伤，需求接受经常竞赛带来的巨大压力，需求参与严格的练习等等。

　　3)A or B or C

　　这类考题中比较目标有三者，挑选观念时选其一。此类考题不常见，但从2012年开始简直每年都会考到几回。

　　例如：During time of economy crisis, government should reduce budgets in: (1)education, (2) health care; (3) support for unemployed. (2013.2.2)

　　Which way do you think is the best for a student to make new friends: (1) joininga sports team; (2) participate in community activities; (3) traveling (2014.3.15)

　　此类标题在比照时可以三者逐个比照，如A与B比照，A与C比照，也可以转换成两者比照，如A与BC比照。

　　三、比照类型考题解题常犯过错：

　　小伙伴们在写比照类型标题时经常会犯这样一个过错：疏忽比照。

　　例如：让在A跟 B之间做挑选，假定挑选了A, 过错的写法是只写A的优点，而决口不提B,也就是在写作过程中疏忽了比照，这样的证明其实是不完好的。完好但证明应该是继写A的优点，一起要提B没有这方面的优点或提B的害处。下面给一篇比照类型文章的范文：

　　In order to celebrate important events such as graduation or a special birthday, some of them prefer a large party, while others prefer a small party that only close friends and relatives are invited.

　　Delightfully, our everyday life is rife with various kinds of celebrations. When celebrating major events, I prefer to hold a small party with only close friends and relatives invited for the following reasons.

　　Firstly, a small party is less costly. A small party does not require vast place or abundant supply of food and drink, thus helping to save money. For instance, when celebrating my 18th birthday, I chose to hold a small party at home, inviting merely my close friends and relatives. Instead of purchasing a tremendous amount of fast food as well as snacks, I prepared the food and the drink by myself with the assistance of my mother, which significantly lowered my expense. While the party was not held on some grand location, everybody was having a good time, chatting at my cozy home and eating my hand-made deserts. By contrast, had I threw a big party, I would have needed to rent a more spacious place, buy more foods and even have needed to temporarily employ some people to help organize the party, which would be quite costly.

　　Secondly, it is more convenient to organize a small party. Hosting a large party entails a wealth of time and numerous people during the process of preparation before the party and cleaning up after the party. In other words, to organize a large party, one need to invest considerable time and even needs to resort to others’ assistance, which has the potential to disrupt his/her life, thus leading to inconvenience. On the other hand, because there are only a few individuals invited, a small party requires far less time in setting up the place and preparing for food and cleaning up trashes. Considerably less time-consuming and energy consuming, a small party causes far less inconvenience.

　　Thirdly, a small party is more instrumental in promoting close relationship. In a small party in which only a few people are involved, each one can have more time and opportunities to talk with others. Also, since only intimate friends and relatives are invited, both host and guests can feel more comfortable, thus behaving and talking more naturally. All of these advantages of small party help to boost joy and promote relationship. A large party, however, is highly inferior in this aspect. To illustrate, in my high-school graduation celebration party, which was a huge one, I invited approximately 60 people. Theconsequence was that I was so busy introducing people to each other and busy controlling the party so that it would not descend into a mess that I barely had time to talk with my close friends. In the end of the party, I was exhausted and a little disappointed. After that, I realized a small party was, in reality, a more advisable choice.

　　As illustrated above, a small party has more merits of saving money, time and upgrading relationship. Hence, it is a more judicious option than a large party in celebrating major events.

　　上面是一篇典型的比照类型考题的文章，从中可以看出在写此类文章时：

　　1.body paragraph的主题句就要表现比照，例如范文中每一个body 的主题句都有more 或许less这样的比较级词;

　　2.body paragraph的证明部分也要呈现比照，例如范文的观念是认为small party 比较好，但在证明时不只证明small party的优点，一起也提到了big party在相关方面的害处，两相比照凸显出small party是更好的挑选。

　　四、比照类型考题可以采用的证明办法

　　1)a. A有优点1，B没有

　　b. A有优点2，B没有

　　c. A 有优点3，B没有

　　例如，上面的small party，big party就是按照这种证明办法来写的。

　　2)a. B有优点1或2

　　b. A也有优点1或2

　　c. A 还有优点3

　　3)a. A有优点1

　　b. A有优点2

　　c. B 有优点1，但B有害处1或2

　　在15年接下来的考题中，估计比照类型考题的热度仍然不减，期望小伙伴们重视对此类题型的温习，可以把握比照考题的证明办法，并防止过错证明。