托福阅读“三步法” 搞定细节题


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  备考托福的同学都应该知道,在满分为30分、共有42道题的托福阅览部分里,细节题占有了一半左右的标题,可谓细节决定成败!那么如何来做这看似简略的细节题呢?许多同学会说:细节题,那还不简略?首要,找标题中的要害词,去定位;其次,读懂要害词在文章中的语句;最后,看选项中哪个选项最契合文章的意思,就挑选哪个。没错,细节题的思路确实如此。可是,这么简略的几个过程,是否真的就是如此的简略?辛达代报为咱们具体的解析了拿下托福细节题该有的过程:

  一、找要害词

  在托福阅览标题中找要害词,是解题的榜首步。可是,要害词怎样找?什么样的词才干作为要害词?许多同学会这样答复:这还不简略!比较级和榜首流,数字,大写。没错,这些都是咱们常见的定位词。那么,用这样的方法,咱们看看怎样来定位下面这道题。这是TPO28榜首篇文章underground water中的第八题:

  Q8 According to paragraph 2, what is the relationship between permeability and porosity?

  A. The more pores a rock has, the higher its porosity but the lower its permeability

  B. Rocks with many internal spaces that are not connected with each other will have high porosity but low permeability.

  C. If water flows through a rock easily, it has permeability but low porosity.

  D. Rocks that have high permeability have high porosity and vice versa.

  这道题既没有大写,也没有时刻,更没有比较级。看到这个题,许多学生就傻眼了,这该怎样去定位?定位词不仅仅是指咱们之前所学过的,大写,比较级,还应该包含名词,形容词,动词等等,这些词都可以协助咱们来定位。因而,在这道题中,咱们可以用relationship,permeability,和porosity来定位。为什么用这几个词来定位?因为标题问的是relationship。是谁的relationship?就是permeability和porosity之间的联络。

  二、找要害词地点的语句

  依据榜首个过程咱们找到了相应的要害词,接下来该怎样做呢?有许多同学会说,回文章找呗。好,那咱们回到相对应的文章中,来找一下要害词地点的语句。

  Groundwater is stored in a variety of rock types. A groundwater reservoir from which water can be extracted is called an aquifer. We can effectively think of an aquifer as a deposit of water. Extraction of water depends on two properties of the aquifer: porosity, and permeability. Between sediment grains are spaces that can be filled with water. This pore space is known as porosity and is expressed as a percentage of the total rock volume. Porosity is important for water-storage capacity, but for water to flow through rocks, the pore spaces must be connected. The ability of water, or other fluids, to flow through the interconnected pore spaces in rocks is termed permeability. Fractures and joints have very high permeability. In the intergranular spaces of rocks, however, fluid must flow around and between grains in a tortuous path; this winding path causes a resistance to flow. The rate at which the flowing water overcomes this resistance is related to the permeability of rock.

  咱们来看一这下这段文字。在整段中,咱们都没有找到含有 relationship 的语句。这个时分,咱们所知道的——读要害词地点的语句——这条方法就行不通了。此刻就需求咱们先找出含有porosity 的语句:his pore space is known as porosity and is expressed as a percentage of the total rock volume,从这个语句中,咱们可以知道,porosity 指的是岩石贮藏水的才能。然后,咱们再来找到含有permeability 的语句:The ability of water, or other fluids, to flow through the interconnected pore spaces in rocks is termed permeability,也就是说岩石的小孔连接起来,让水留过,这就是渗透性,也就是permeability。那么此刻,咱们再来理清楚二者的联络:岩石的储水才能,就是多孔性;岩石的小孔相联络,水可以流过,这就是渗透性。

  三、运用排除法

  读懂了要害的语句之后,咱们再来看ABCD四个选项,如何用排除法来选出正确的答案。

  A选项说,岩石的孔越多,多孔性就越高,渗透性越低。原文并没有说,多孔性越高,渗透性就越低。B选项说岩石的孔没有相连,那么就有高的多孔性和低的渗透性。这句话正好表现了原文的内容:多孔性是水的储存才能,小孔相连,水能留过,是渗透性。孔不相联络,那么水留过小孔的才能就自然很低。C是说假如水很简单的留过岩石的孔,就是有渗透性,可是多孔性很低。这个文章也没有说。D选项说岩石有高的渗透性就有高的多孔性,反之亦然。这个原文也没有说。

  因而,咱们在核对选项的时分,一定要记住,但凡文章中说到的才干够选,文章中没有说到的就不可以选。一定要契合文章。

  依据上文中辛达代报给咱们的具体解题过程,咱们在做细节题时应该留意:

  (1)找要害词。要害词包含名词,动词,形容词,比较级等等,不能仅仅局限于曩昔所学的大写,数字等等。

  (2)找要害词地点语句。假如文章中没写出明确含有这个要害词的语句,那么咱们需求读清楚文章的相关句,找到他们之间内涵的逻辑联络。

  (3)运用排除法。用排除法的时分一定要留意,要契合文章,文章中没有说到的一定是不能选的。

  托福阅览细节题尽管看起来简单攻破,但仍旧需求同学们有仔细剖析的耐心以及关于这类题型解题过程的熟练度,正确运用方法并且多加练习,信任每一位正在备考托福阅览的同学们都能在托福阅览细节题部分拿到尽量多的分数!辛达代报希望大家认真积极的备考,早日取得优异的成绩!