写作10准则必须掌握


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摘要:托福写作考试中,如果想要你的托福作文获得高分,那么你在写作的时分有些原则是必须要恪守的。这儿辛达代报收拾了托福写作的必须恪守的10大原则,快来一同看看吧。
关于托福写作考试,除了一个好的结构和例子之外,有些原则能够助你作文获得高分。这儿辛达代报为我们带来了托福写作10大原则,期望对我们的托福写作有协助。

Elementary principles of composition
1. Make the paragraph the unit of composition: one paragraph to each topic
不同的阶段构成文章,每个阶段仅传递一个观点
2. As a rule, begin each paragraph with a topic sentence; end it in conformity with the beginning
规矩:每个阶段均以主题句最初,并且首尾呼应。
A. the topic sentence comes at or near the beginning;
主题句前置
B. the succeeding sentences explain or establish or develop the statement made in the topic sentence;
阶段环绕主题句打开,后边的语句对主题句进行打开解释
C. the final sentence either emphasizes the thought of the topic sentence or states some important consequence.
结尾句或许对主题句进行着重,或许论述主题句带来的成果。
3. Use the active voice
主动句永远比被迫句直接有力
Eg: There were a great number of dead leaves lying on the ground
= Dead leaves covered the ground. (明晰生动)
Eg: The reason that he left college was that his health became impaired.
= Failing health compelled him to leave college. (简练有力)
Eg: It was not long before he was very sorry that he had said what he had.
= He soon repented his words. (简练有力)
4. Put statements in positive form
以必定的方式表达否定的意思, 防止运用平平、毫无颜色,优柔寡断和闪烁其词的言语。
Eg:He was not very often on time.
= He usually came late.
Eg: He did not think that studying Latin was much use.
= He thought the study of Latin useless.
Eg: The taming of the Shrew is rather weak in spots. Shakespeare does not portray Katharine as a very admirable character, nor does Bianca remain long in memory as an important character in Shakespeare’s works.
= The women in The Taming of the Shrew are unattractive. Katharine is disagreeable, Bianca insignificant.
5. Omit needless words
删除冗词
Vigorous writing is concise. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts. This requires not that the writer make all his sentences short, or that he avoid all detail and treat his subjects only in outline, but that every word tell.
有力的写作必定简练。
Owing to the fact that
=Since (because)
In spite of the fact that
=Though (although)
Call your attention to the fact that
=Remind you (notify you)
The fact that he had not succeeded
=His failure
6. Avoid a succession of loose sentences
别写流水账,找找言语的逻辑联系,经过who, which, when, where, and while 这些词把语句串起来。
7. Express co-ordinate ideas in similar form
Parallel structure 平行结构考究对称美:内容对等,结构共同。
Eg: Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method, while now the laboratory method is employed.
Parallel structure: Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method; now it is taught by the laboratory method.
8. Keep related words together
词的方位决议词的联系,所以遵循‘物以类聚’,意思相关严密的词放在一块。
A: 主谓之间不切割,弥补信息需前置
Eg: Wordsworth, in the fifth book of The Excursion, gives a minute description of this church.
Eg: In the fifth book of the Excursion, Wordsworth gives a minute description of this church. (状语前置,主谓毗连)
B:联系代词紧随先行词出现
Eg: There was a look in his eye that boded mischief.
Eg: In his eye was a look that boded mischief. (名词look先行,联系词that紧随)
9. In summaries, keep to one tense
总结一般运用现在时态,如果运用过去时,请坚持时态共同。
10. Place the emphatic words of a sentence at the end
欲取姑予的圆周句(periodic sentence)中,着重信息后置。
Eg: Four centuries ago, Christopher Columbus, one of the Italian mariners whom the decline of their own republics had put at the service of the world and of adventure, seeking for Spain a westward passage to the Indies as setoff against the achievements of Portuguese discoverers, lighted on America.
Eg: With these hopes and in this belief I would urge you, laying aside all hindrance, thrusting away all private aims, to devote yourselves unswervingly and unflinchingly to the vigorous and successful prosecution of this war.
以上就是辛达代报为我们收拾的托福写作10大原则,你在写作的时分有没有留意这些呢?如果你有些当地疏忽了,那么从现在开始就要留意了。最终,辛达代报预祝我们托福穬能获得理想的成果。