托福独立写作如何进行故事举例


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  在托福独立写作中,举例通常有两种方法共五类举例词汇,其中描述现象有三类词汇:such as/like,include/range from…to…以及for example/for instance;叙述故事有两类词汇:illustrate/exemplify以及…deserves a special mention。需要特别注意的是,无论是哪种方法,都要有细节描写,我们可以用“刨根问底找画面感”的方法实现这一点。下面我们来讨论在叙述故事中会用到的举例词汇。

叙述故事就是写出真实发生的事件,这些事件可以是发生在其他人身上的,也可以是发生在自己身上的,适合它的举例词汇比较多,在此仅讨论相对“高端”的两种:illustrate与exemplify以及…deserves a special mention。为了能更加直观地展现举例的这种方法,现以TPO16的独立写作题目为例,“最佳的旅行方式是跟随有导游的旅游团”,并且选择disagree(其实也可选择agree,但举例方法大同小异,所以在此只讨论disagree的情况),理由是“导游会把游客带到商品价格极高的纪念品店”,例子是my cousin Joseph的一段亲身经历,这就是一个真实发生的事件,也即叙述故事:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
The best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
故事一般可由以下两类词汇引入,现在我们来逐一讨论。
一、illustrate与exemplify,这两个词是大多数考生所不熟悉的,如果能将它们用好,必定会使文章增色不少,这两个词通常用来引人一个真实发生的事件,使用时需要注意以下几点(illustrate与exemplify同义,可互换):
1. illustrate 与exemplify都是及物动词,它们的宾语都是表“观点”的词,如point等。
2. 为了体现句法多样性,with可用by替换,the case of可用the example of与the story about等表达进行替换,但要注意它们所用介词的不同。
3. exemplify被很多的考生拼错,写成examplify——它与example不同,是以exe-开头的,而不是exa-。偶尔的拼写错误不伤大雅,但是很多的拼写错误很有可能导致失分。
【参考例句】
Tourists are likely to be taken by tour guides to stores where souvenirs are extremely expensive. I will illustrate/exemplify this point with the case of my cousin Joseph, who last year went on a guided tour with a group of approximately 20 people to France. When they finished visiting the Eiffel Tower, the tour guide took them to a souvenir store nearby. Joseph bought a miniature Eiffel Tower there for 100 dollars, which was too expensive.
当然,也可以选择被动语态,主动被动换着使用,写成:
Tourists are likely to be taken by tour guides to stores where souvenirs are extremely expensive. This point can be illustrated/exemplified with the case ofmy cousin Joseph, who last year went on a guided tour with a group of approximately 20 people to France. When they finished visiting the Eiffel Tower, the tour guide took them to a souvenir store nearby. Joseph bought a miniature Eiffel Tower there for 500 dollars, which was too expensive.
二、…deserves a special mention,这个表达也是大多数考生所不熟悉的,如果能用好它,文章一定会显得高大上,这个表达通常也用来引人一个真实发生的事件,使用时需要注意以下几点:
1. 在…deserves a special mention中,a可以省略,写成…deserves special mention。
2. 为了体现句法多样性,when it comes to…可用speaking of…等表达进行替换。
3. 也可结合上面提到的语言点,写成The case of…/The example of…/The story about…deserves a special mention,后跟具体的事件即可;由于主语是第三人称单数,因此deserve也要相应地使用第三人称单数,这是非常简单的问题,但往往被相当一部分考生所忽略,因此造成失分,非常可惜。
【参考例句】
When it comes to being taken by tour guides to stores where souvenirs are extremely expensive, my cousin Joseph deserves a special mention. He last year went on a guided tour with a group of approximately 20 people to France. When they finished visiting the Eiffel Tower, the tour guide took them to a souvenir store nearby. Joseph bought a miniature Eiffel Tower there for 500 dollars, which was too expensive.


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