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在雅思写作的Task2中，有时会出现有关问题解决方面的作文。
这一类型的文章要求考生阐述特定话题存在的一些问题，并给出相应的解决方法。
首先要做的就是确定所要解决的问题。
我们来看下面的几个例子：
Problem Solution Essay Questions:
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1. Overpopulation of urban areas has led to numerous problems.
Identify one or two serious ones and suggest ways that governments and individuals can tackle these problems. 2. Nowadays many people have access to computers on a wide basis and a large number of children play computer games. What are the negative impacts of playing computer games and what can be done to minimize the bad effects? 3. The internet has transformed the way information is shared and consumed, but it has also created problems that did not exist before. What are the most serious problems associated with the internet and what solutions can you suggest? 4. In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing.
What problems will this cause for individuals and society? |
要注意，一些题目要求阐述reasons而不是problems，两者是有区别的。
Problem Solution Example Essay
为了更好地理解这一类型的作文，掌握组织写作语言的技巧，我们先来看一篇范文：
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The internet has transformed the way information is shared and consumed, but it has also created problems that did not exist before. What are the most serious problems associated with the internet and what solutions can you suggest? The enormous growth in the use of the internet over the last decade has led to radical changes to the way that people consume and share information. Although serious problems have arisen as a result of this, there are solutions. One of the first problems of the internet is the ease with which children can access potentially dangerous sites. For example, pornography sites are easily accessible to them because they can register with a site and claim to be an adult. There is no doubt that this affects their thoughts and development, which is a negative impact for the children and for society. Another major problem is the growth of online fraud and hacking. These days, there are constant news stories about government and company websites that have been hacked, resulting in sensitive information falling into the hands of criminals. It is important that action is taken to combat these problems. Governments should ensure that adequate legislation and controls are in place that will prevent young people from accessing dangerous sites, such as requiring more than simply confirming that you are an adult to view a site. Parents also have a part to play. They need to closely monitor the activities of their children and restrict their access to certain sites, which can now be done through various computer programs. Companies must also improve their onsite IT security systems to make fraud and hacking much more difficult by undertaking thorough reviews of their current systems for weaknesses.
To conclude, the internet is an amazing technological
innovation that has transformed people’s lives, but not without negative
impacts. However, with the right action by individuals, governments and
businesses, it can be made a safe place for everyone. |
Writing about Problems
大家仔细阅读范文有关“problems”的一部分，回答以下问题：
1. 共列举了几个问题？
2. 这些问题分别是什么？
3. 如何描述这些问题？
4. 如何进一步阐述这些问题?
5. 每个问题引发的后果是什么？
回答了上面5个问题，你就知道有关这一部分的作文结构是怎样的。
你只需要列举出2-3个"problems"，因为时间有限，而且还需要进一步解释这些“problems”。
当你思考解决这些问题的方法时，不妨想想（a）这些问题是什么（b）怎样做出进一步的阐述（c）这些问题的影响有哪些。你可以根据这几个问题构思段落结构。
下面就给出了一个例子：
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Problem 1: children can access potentially dangerous sites
Explanation / Example: Pornography sites
Result: Affects thought & development - negative for children & society
Problem 2: growth of online fraud and hacking
Explanation / Example: Evident from the constant news stories Result: Criminals get sensitive information |
下面是进一步的阐释，划线部分为对问题的描述：
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One of the first problems of the internet is the ease with which children can access potentially dangerous sites.For example, pornography sites are easily accessible to them because they can register with a site and claim to be an adult. There is no doubt that this affects their thoughts and development, which is a negative impact for the children and for society. Another major problem is the growth of online fraud and hacking. These days, there are constant news stories about government and company websites that have been hacked, resulting in sensitive information falling into the hands of criminals. |
Writing about Solutions
回答下面有关“solutions”部分的一些问题：
1. 文章给给出了几种解决方法？
2. 这些解决方法是什么？
3. 作者认为有哪些人可以负责这些解决方法的实施？
4. 如何实施？
5. 文章在给出建议时，使用了哪三种情态动词结构？
上面的几个问题就是这一部分的主要观点。
a) The people involved
当你思考解决方法时，想一想这些解决方法的参与者，通常都包括政府和个人。
有时也会有其他的参与者。在这一范文中，就包括了企业和家长。如果是跟犯罪有关的话题，那么就会包括警察。如果有关视频暴力，那么参与者还有电视和电影的制片人。
你可以根据这些参与者来组织段落结构。
b) Developing your solutions
不要让解决方法过于简洁，这样的概述会过于简单。例如：
The government should introduce stricter laws.
这在雅思写作中很常见，只给出解决方法的概述而不做进一步解释。你应该给出解释，怎样实施这一方法，为什么这一方法会奏效。例如：
Governments should ensure that adequate legislation and controls are in place that will prevent young people from accessing dangerous sites, such as requiring more than simply confirming that you are an adult to view a site.
这样就进一步阐释了解决方法的具体实施。
b) Modal Verbs
在给出解决方法时，可以使用情态动词。
先来看一下总体的构思：
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Solution 1: Governments
Idea: Adequate legislation and controls for young people
How: More complex website access criteria
Solution 2: Parents Idea: Monitor children and restrict access How: Use a computer program
Solution 3: Companies Idea: Improve IT security systems How: Review current systems in place |
下面是根据上面几点展开的一段话，划线部分为情态动词：
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It is important that action is taken to combat these problems. Governments should ensure that adequate legislation and controls are in place that will prevent young people from accessing dangerous sites, such as requiring more than simply confirming that you are an adult to view a site. Parents also have a part to play. They need to closely monitor the activities of their children and restrict their access to certain sites, which can now be done through various computer programs.Companies must also improve their onsite IT security systems to make fraud and hacking much more difficult by undertaking thorough reviews of their current systems for weaknesses. |
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