托福独立写作中如何进行现象举例


辛达托福代报考位提醒:到2020年4月1日官网没有释放考位,在此提醒广大考生抓紧时间报名,如果暂时没有考位的话可以提交给我们代报,广大考生注意考试时间.


在托福独立写作中,举例一般有两种办法共五类举例词汇,其中描绘现象有三类词汇:such as/like,include/range from…to…以及for example/for instance;叙述故事有两类词汇:illustrate/exemplify以及…deserves a special mention。需求特别留意的是,无论是哪种办法,都要有细节描写,咱们能够用“刨根问底找画面感”的办法实现这一点。

首要咱们来评论在描绘现象中会用到的举例词汇。描绘现象便是罗列客观存在的现实,写出人们所熟知的,经常出现在日常日子中的普遍现象,适合它的举例词汇一般有三种:such as与like,include与range from…to…以及for example与for instance。
为了能愈加直观地展现举例的这种办法,现以TPO26的独立写作标题为例,“孩子们挑选与爸爸妈妈相同的作业比挑选与爸爸妈妈不同的作业要好”,而且挑选agree(其实也可挑选disagree,但举例办法大同小异,所以在此只评论agree的状况),假定孩子与爸爸妈妈一样,都挑选教师这个工作,而且提出能够从爸爸妈妈的作业经历中取得“备课经历与恰当的上课办法论”,这便是一个客观存在的现实,也即描绘现象:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
It is better for children to choose jobs that are similar to their parents’ jobs than to choose jobs that are very different from their parents’ jobs.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
现象一般可由以下三类词汇引进,现在咱们来逐一评论。
一、such as与like。用such as与like来举例,是广大考生比较了解的,可是在运用的时分需求留意以下几点:
1. 在such as与like之前是抽象的概念,后边跟具体的含细节的例子,如上面的expert guidance(专业指导)便是抽象的概念,而help with course preparations and methodology for appropriate lesson giving便是具体的含细节的例子。
2. 用such as比用like正式,在正式场合,应尽量运用such as。
3. such as中的as与like都是介词,后跟名词或动词的ing方式,如Activities such as rock climbing, bungee jumping and parachuting are extreme sports(攀岩,蹦极与跳伞都是极限运动)。在托福写作考试的过程中,单词的词性一定要慎重考虑,挑选单词的正确词性(动词、名词、形容词、副词等)非常重要。
【参阅例句】
1. Expert guidance such as help with course preparations and methodology for appropriate lesson giving may benefit children who are planning to be teachers.
2. Children are able to acquire from their parents expert guidance, like course preparations and methodology for appropriate lesson giving.
二、include与range from…to…。根据辛达托福代报的教育经历,这两种引进现象的办法并没有被许多考生所把握,特别是range from…to…。能够这样说,能够正确运用range from…to…的考生英语写作基础往往都是不错的。运用include与range from…to…,咱们需求留意以下几点:
1. include与range from…to…可用作一般现在时方式,如例句1与3;也可用作ing方式,如例句2与4。
2. range from…to…一般表示范围比较广,如上面的ranging from course preparations to methodology for appropriate lesson giving,也便是说,从备课经历到恰当的上课办法论(当然还包括像怎么对付调皮的学生,怎么与学生家长配合让学生的学习功率最大化等方面),该有的都会有,“包罗万象”。
3. 咱们一定要有认识地学习并运用如range from…to…等愈加高级的表达方式,而不是停留在自己已经熟知的套路上。
【参阅例句】
1. Parents’ expert guidance children will obtain includes course preparations and methodology for appropriate lesson giving.
2. Children will acquire from their parents expert guidance, including course preparations and methodology for appropriate lesson giving.
3. Expert guidance children will obtain from their parents ranges from course preparations to methodology for appropriate lesson giving.
4. Children will acquire from their parents expert guidance, ranging from course preparations to methodology for appropriate lesson giving.
三、for example与for instance。说到举例,相信大部分考生都会第一时间想到for example或for instance,甚至有些考生一篇独立写作中有四五个for example,因为在托福独立写作中会有多个当地用到举例。从常理来说,这样不但会让评分人产生“审美疲劳”,而且也给人以英语常识积累不多,犯“词穷”之感。《托福考试官方指南》是要求考生在独立写作中体现syntactic variety(句法多样性)的。鉴于此,笔者主张尽量不要运用for example与for instance。可是,如果对这两种表达情有独钟,非要运用不行,也是能够的,但需求留意以下几点(for example与for instance同义,可互换):
1. 尽量将for example/for instance写成刺进语,这样能够添加句法多样性。
2. Take, for example/for instance, …就相当于咱们所了解的Take … for example/for instance。
3. for example/for instance一般可刺进到一个语句的主语与谓语之间。在例句2中,for instance就将主语parents who are teachers与谓语can give隔开了。
【参阅例句】
1. Take, for example, expert guidance from their parents.Through discussions with their parents about problems and confusion concerning teaching, children are able to obtain help with course preparations and methodology for appropriate lesson giving.
2. Parents who are teachers, for instance, can give their children expert guidance on how to prepare courses and how to give lessons according to appropriate teaching methodology.


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