托福写作中这些用词要小心


辛达代报考位提醒:到2017年4月8日官网没有释放考位,在此提醒广大考生抓紧时间报名,如果暂时没有考位的话可以提交给我们代报,广大考生注意考试时间。


compare与contrast的误用

咱们先从两者的界说下手来看两者的差异。 Compare的界说为:to examine people or things to see how theyare similar or different. Contrast的界说为:to comparetwo or more things to show the difference betweenthem.由界说不难看出前者侧重于找到两个或多个事物的异同,而后者则侧重于它们的不相同。

看个例句:

It is interesting to compare their situations to ours./It is interesting to contrast theirsituations to ours.

前一句翻译为:比照一下咱们的状况与他们的状况会很风趣。

后一句的翻译为:咱们的状况与他们的状况有很大的不相同,这很风趣。

再看一个引自OXFORD ADBANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY的比如:

There is an obvious contrast between the culture of East and West.

The company lost $7 million in contrast to a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier.

When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast.

不难发现,Compare翻译为“与……对比”而contrast可译为“显着不相同的是……”,切记这种翻译方法就不会用错互相了。

其间最简略有问题的便是介词的运用了,下面来看看几种状况:

1、一般介词的误用

一般表现为固定调配过错,如常把provide sb with sth用成provide sb sth; be satisfied with用成besatisfied for等等,尽管这样的过错看似无伤大雅,但在考官眼里即是影响顺利阅览的,根据托福学写作评分标准当然会影响最终成果。处理的办法简略而陈旧:把多见的固定调配紧记于心,问题天然就处理了。

2、 “to”作为介词的误用

“to”最多见的用法是以动词不定式符号的形式呈现的,所以同学们也已经习惯了“to do”的固定调配。关于一些如walk to me、to the left等介词to表方向等多见用法一般也不会呈现过错。可是关于与动词调配的介词to就会常常犯错:

如:

More and more students have taken to depend on their parents to make decision for them.

这儿的‘take to’ means ‘to begin to do sth as a habit’其间‘to’为介词,所以后边只能接名词或相当于名词的词,如动名词。所以黑体处应改为“depending on”。“take to”的另一个常用用法也需求紧记:

He hasn’t taken to his new school.(这儿‘take to’ means ‘to start liking sb or sth’)

Prefer A to B中的“to”也是介词,会有prefer doing sth to doing sth/ prefer sth to sthelse,“prefer to do sth rather than do sth”中的“to”可是真正的不定式符号。

相似的常用用法请同学们紧记:

Be used to doing

Be accustomed to doing

See to doing

Adapt to doing

Adjust to doing

prefer doing sth. to doing sth.

等等,托福写作请注意平常仔细积累。

assume及claim运用不行精确

咱们知道, think, assume, claim是谈论文中常用引出观念的动词。在实践作文中,同学们一般以为几个词的意思是相同的,完全可以代换,所以拿过来就用。乃至还有同学把consider也拿过来与之混用。咱们首要仍是从界说来看这几个词的不相同:

Think: to have opinion or belief about sth.

翻译为“以为”,一般接宾语从句来表达对比断定的观念。

Assume: to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it.

翻译为“假定、假定”,是不是有现实根据是不断定的。

Claim: to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believeit.

翻译为“宣称”,用这个词一般意味着不附和紧跟这以后的观念,所以很少用作‘I claim that…

Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer, but in fact, …。

所以‘It is claimed that’一般翻译为“有报道称。。。”。和‘it is reported that ’的差异在于后者翻译为“据报道”,一般代表着作者附和陈述的内容,

Consider: to think about sth carefully, especially in order to make a decision

翻译为“思考”,一般不用作引出观念,看个比如:

We are considering buying a new car.

所以,千万不要在托福写作的榜首段(观念表达段)就因为用词掌握禁绝而致使对整篇文章的低分形象。

表“主张”的词汇后边忘掉用虚拟从句

这是摘自学生托福作文中的一个病句:

I suggest he continues his study instead of working after graduation from high school.

因为‘suggest’翻译为“主张”,所以后边的从句应该用虚拟语气,黑体部分应该改为“(should) continue”

所以考生一定要紧记以下多见表“主张”的托福写作词汇,而且要记住这些词接从句时要用虚拟语气:

Recommend, suggest, advise

such as与for example的混用

咱们知道,在表明举比如的时分,such as与like是完全同等的,如:Wild flowers such as/likeorchids and primroses are becoming rare.

可是同学们关于Such as、for example的掌握仍是不行精确。咱们都知道,后者接语句前者接词语表明举比如。所以就有了下面的写法:

There is a similar word in many languages, such as in French and Italian.

这儿的such as改为for example为好,因为“in French and Italian”其实是“there is a similar word inFrench and Italian”的简化,所以要用for example来引出比如。再来看几个相似的比如:

It is possible to combine computer science with other subjects, for example physics.

最后,辛达小编预祝大家托福考试能取得理想的成绩。