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2012年5月19日雅思写作考试
Task 1：Pie charts
The pie charts show the the comment of the ranges of books in university（4张饼图，大学图书馆内本科生和研究生对印刷书籍和电子资料的满意度的说明并进行比较.）
参考范文：
The charts compare the sources of electricity in Australia and France in the years 1980 and 2000. Between these years electricity production almost doubled, rising from 100 units to 170 in Australia, and from 90 to 180 units in France.
In 1980 Australia used coal as the main electricity source (50 units) and the remainder was produced from natural gas, hydro power (each producing 20 units) and oil (which produced only t0 units). By 2000, coal had become the fuel for more than 75% of electricity produced and only hydro continued to be another significant source supplying approximately 20%.
In contrast, France used coal as a source for only 25 units of electricity in 1980, which was matched by natural gas. The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and nuclear power, with hydro contributing only 5 units. But by 2000 ，nuclear power, which was not used at all in Australia, had developed into the main source, producing almost 75% of electricity, at 126 units, while coal and oil together produced only 50 units. Other sources were no longer significant.
Overall, it is clear that by 2000 these two countries relied on different principal fuel sources: Australia relied on coal and France on nuclear power.
Task 2:
Food today become cheaper because of enlarged manufacturing capacity, use of fertilizer and better machinery. However, some people think it is harmful to human health and local community as a whole. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(现今的食物变得越来越便宜由于生产能力的加大，化肥和改良机械的使用。但是，一些人认为这些对人类的健康和当地社会产生了不好的影响。你多大程度上同意或反对?
点评：本次考试涉及到的是科技类话题，这个话题看上去很新。但是大家会发现本题的问法是to what extent do you agree or disagree?这一类型的文章中对文章结构没有特殊的要求，可以写单边式也可以写双边式。
关键词分析:
1.food:农业包括种植业、畜牧业和渔业，生产出来的都叫food，不要局限在种植业上。
2.the health of humans and local community as a whole:人类的健康与当地，文章一定要紧扣这两点影响。community不单单指的是人类社会，而是泛指人居住的整个生态环境，这个词请考生留意。（community: a particular group of animals or plants that all live or grow together.—柯林斯COBUILD英汉双解词典）
话题分类与题型:本题是老题，与2005年5月25日的考题完全相同。本题属于生态环境与动物保护类话题，属于“同意与否”题型。食品类话题在亚太考区已有半年时间未曾出现，上一次出现是在2011年12月3日。
话题评价:食品类的话题是一个交叉话题，不仅与生态与动物保护有关，而且也与健康类话题、经济全球化类话题有着千丝万缕的联系。食品类话题大体上有两个分支：一个是今天的考题，现代农业科技造成的影响，第二个分支就是2011年12月3日的考题，长距离运输食品的好坏。这两个分支有很多联系之处。食品安全话题是我国民众一直关注的焦点，但是该问题在世界各地普遍存在。现代农业科技给人类带来高产量和多品种的同时，也给人类健康和生态环境造成了隐患。
类似话题:
1. It is known to all that the technological and scientific advances have made greater changes to the range and quality of our food. Some people regard it as an improvement while others believe that the change is harmful. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. （070811）
2. Some people support the developments in agriculture such as factory farming and creations of new types of fruits and vegetables, while others oppose this view. Discuss both views and give your opinion. （080712）
结构与思路:
文章题型是To what extent do you agree or disagree，因此既可以成单边支持，即完全同意农业科技对人体健康和生态环境有影响，也可以写成反对，即认为没有影响，也可以写成折中，即有负面影响，但也给人类带来了好处。考生可以根据自己对该话题的理解来选择文章的结构。
下面的示范将采取单边讨论结构，即完全认同题目中的观点，文章中只写同意的理由。
I. Introduction
II. Body 1：现代化农业对人体造成的危害
1. 现代化的种植业大量依赖杀虫剂pesticide和化肥chemical fertilizer，这些物质会在食物中有残留。
2. 现代化的大型农场所采取的集中式养殖battery farming使得饲养的动物生存环境恶劣，容易生病，因而农民在饲料中添加抗生素antibiotics，而抗生素会通过食物链传到人体，最终使人对抗生素产生抗药性build up a resistance to the antibiotics.
3. 现代化农业产能的提高在很大程度上依赖转基因技术genetic engineering，而转基因食品对人体健康有潜在的威胁。pose a potential threat to people’s health.
4. 现代化农业降低了肉产品的价格drive down the price of meat，从而使人们形成了以肉食为主的不良饮食习惯，会引发一系列的流行病epidemics，例如肥胖症obesity，糖尿病diabetes，高血压hypertension，心血管疾病cardiovascular diseases.
III. Body 2：对当地生态环境与社会造成的危害
1. 杀虫剂和化肥的大量使用会严重破坏生态平衡upset the ecological balance，使得很多物种灭绝go extinct。由于生物富集效应bioaccumulation，这些有毒有害物质poisonous substances将由食物链food chain进入大型哺乳动物large mammals体内，最终进入人体。
2. 转基因作物会增加除草剂herbicide的使用，造成严重污染，杀死了其它植物，并可能会产生超级杂草super weed的出现。（即使用任何除草剂都无济于事的杂草）
3. 转基因作物会对临近的非转基因作物造成基因污染genetic contamination，使得其它的作物基因产生变异mutation.
4. 机械化的农业减少了农民的就业机会reduce job opportunities，迫使很多农民涌入城市寻找工作。
V. Conclusion
综上所述，现代化的农业给人类带来丰富的食物来源的同时，也使得人类的健康、当地的生态环境和社会稳定造成了一定的影响。人类一定要反思这一过程，让科技造福与民而不是毁灭世界。
In conclusion, modern agricultural practices have brought rich sources of food, but it put human health, local ecology and environment, as well as social stability, at risk. Human beings should rethink the process of agricultural mechanisation and ensure that modern science and technology bring benefits to society, rather than destroy the world.
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