辛达代报考位提醒：到2018年01月17官网没有释放考位，在此提醒广大考生抓紧时间报名，如果暂时没有考位的话可以提交给我们代报，广大考生注意考试时间.
其实不论是托福、雅思或者GMAT、GRE阅览，从实质上讲底子调查的都是information analysis, 即信息处理才能。这种才能要求咱们要么从微观的框架动身，要么就从微观的细节动身去寻求答案。而托福阅览在我看来，同学们在细节的处理上是更简单犯错的。本文辛达代报就从同学们平时的高频犯错题的剖析动身，让大家了解到细节处理在托福阅览中的重要性。
细节处理之审题
【例题1】
Perhaps so much time has passed that there will never be satisfactory answers to the cave images, but their mystique only adds to their importance. Certainly a great art exists, and by its existence reveals that ancient human beings were not without intelligence, skill, and sensitivity.
Online Test: Lascaux Cave Paintings
According to paragraph 6, why might the puzzling questions about the paintings never be answered?
Keeping the paintings a mystery will increase their importance.
The artists hid their tools with great intelligence and skill.
Too many years have gone by since the images were painted.
Answering the question is not very important to scholars.
【正确答案】C
【经典过错】A
【过错原因】选A其实不难题解，大多数同学是由于看到文中这句’but their mystique only adds to their importance’而对应到这个答案的。这也是做细节信息题时教师经常会讲到的解题思路，即“同义变换”。所以简直如出一辙的原文和选项的变换就让同学们轻易掉入了这个陷阱之中。
【正确解析】这道题会选错的底子原因是同学们疏忽了一件答题时非常重要的工作，那就是审题。并不是原题中通知咱们第几段，咱们就闷着头把这段话悉数读完，找到和某个选项最相似的表达就可以了。由于奸刁的ETS往往会在选项中放置这样一类答案“请问你几岁啊?”“我本年读高二。”虽然答复的也都是现实，但其实答非所问。这道题咱们回过头去看标题，问的是“为什么关于这些画的问题从来没有被答复过?”问的是原因，那么咱们就去精准定位找原因，问题对应到原文的’there will never be satisfactory answers to the cave images’, 在这句话的前半部分，有这样一个词组so...that..., 所以咱们就应该知道原因就在这儿了。
【例题2】
【Paragraph 1】Since 1980, the use of wind to produce electricity has been growing rapidly. In 1994 there were nearly 20,000 wind turbines worldwide, most grouped in clusters called wind farms that collectively produced 3,000 megawatts of electricity. Most were in Denmark (which got 3 percent of its electricity from wind turbines) and California (where 17,000 machines produced 1 percent of the state’s electricity, enough to meet the residential needs of a city as large as San Francisco). In principle, all the power needs of the United States could be provided by exploiting the wind potential of just three states—North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas.
【Paragraph 3】Wind power has a significant cost advantage over nuclear power and has become competitive with coal-fired power plants in many places. With new technological advances and mass production, projected cost declines should make wind power one of the world’s cheapest ways to produce electricity. In the long run, electricity from large wind farms in remote areas might be used to make hydrogen gas from water during periods when there is less than peak demand for electricity. The hydrogen gas could then be fed into a storage system and used to generate electricity when additional or backup power is needed.
【Paragraph 4】Wind power is most economical in areas with steady winds. In areas where the wind dies down, backup electricity from a utility company or from an energy storage system becomes necessary. Backup power could also be provided by linking wind farms with a solar cell, with conventional or pumped-storage hydropower, or with efficient natural-gas-burning turbines. Some drawbacks to wind farms include visual pollution and noise, although these can be overcome by improving their design and locating them in isolated areas.
Online Test: Electricity from Wind
Based on the information in paragraph 3 and paragraph 4, what can be inferred about the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas mentioned at the end of paragraph 1?
They rely largely on coal-fired power plants.
They contain remote areas where the winds rarely die down.
Over 1 percent of the electricity in these states is produced by wind farms.
Wind farms in these states are being expanded to meet the power needs of the United States.
【正确答案】B
【经典过错】D
【过错原因】这道题挑选D对于许多同学来讲，也是无法之举。由于命题阶段实在太长了，短时间内底子无法找到正确的出路去回答这道题。所以D这个看起来最契合文章粗心，最像答案的选项就自然成为同学们的榜首挑选了。
【正确解析】其实，假如同学们细心审题就会发现，题干里对大家的提示仍是挺显着的。首先从infer看出这是一道推理题，而推理的目标来自文章的榜首段，可是答案应该得出自文章的第三和第四段。所以咱们就自然地找到这样一条解题路径：榜首段定位推理目标—明确推理目标性质或特色—第三、四段归纳寻觅有关细节—将一切细节结合推论。依照这个思路，咱们从榜首段得知这些州都是合适风力发电的当地，然后到三、四段找到合适风力发电的地址具备in remote areas和with steady winds两个特色(文中都有表明地址的词作提示)，最后将两个信息点结合起来就可以推断出B选项了。
细节处理之指代
【例题1】
The United States in the 1800’s was full of practical, hardworking people who did not consider the arts—from theater to painting—useful occupations. In addition, the public’s attitude that European art was better than American art both discouraged and infuriated American artists. In the early 1900’s there was a strong feeling among artists that the United States was long overdue in developing art that did not reproduce European traditions. Everybody agreed that the heart and soul of the new country should be reflected in its art. But opinions differed about what this art would be like and how it would develop.
OG
According to this paragraph, all of the following were true of American art in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s EXCEPT
Most Americans thought art was unimportant.
American art generally copied European styles and traditions.
Most Americans considered American art inferior to European art.
American art was very popular with European audiences.
【正确答案】D
【经典过错】A
【过错原因】在回答否定现实信息题时，同学们一般选用的是排除核对的办法。所以在核对A选项时，就特别简单被文中这句’Everybody agreed that the heart and soul of the new country should be reflected in its art’所误导，以为每个人都同意美国的中心应该反映在艺术上。
【正确解析】这儿就产生了一个比较难的指代陷阱。文中的everybody究竟是不是指的一切美国人呢?假如咱们倒退到前一句就会发现，这儿只是指代了前一句中的artists, 而没有包括悉数的美国人。相反，在这段的开头就有说到在1800’s的美国充满了务实肯干的美国人，他们以为艺术是彻底没有用的工作。所以A选项的表达彻底契合辞意。再细心核对，会发现只要D选项是文中彻底没有提及的。
【例题2】
One of the most puzzling aspects of the paintings is their location. Other rock paintings—for example, those of Bushmen in South Africa—are either located near cave entrances or completely in the open. Cave paintings in France and Spain, however, are in recesses and caverns far removed from original cave entrances. This means that artists were forced to work in cramped spaces and without sources of natural light. It also implies that whoever made them did not want them to be easily found. Since cave dwellers normally lived close to entrances, there must have been some reason why so many generations of Lascaux cave dwellers hid their art.
Online Test: Lascaux Cave Paintings
What can be inferred from paragraph 2 about cave painters in France and Spain?
They also painted rocks outside caves.
They did not live close to the cave entrances.
They developed their own sources of light to use while painting.
Their painting practices did not last for many years.
【正确答案】C
【经典过错】B
【过错原因】回答这道题时，出于时刻考虑，同学们很简单疏忽掉答案中呈现的共同的主语’they’, 所以对应文中的’Cave paintings in France and Spain, however, are in recesses and caverns far removed from original cave entrances.’这句，就自然而然地挑选了B。这样粗犷的回答且不说疏忽了指代这个细节，连最基本的推理题的解题思路都摒弃了，完完全全当作了事实信息题来解，肯定是不对的。
【正确解析】作为一道推理题，首先咱们要考虑到这些选项不可能仅仅文中语句的单纯同义变换，必定会存在文中信息的整合或推导。其次，即便选项中呈现共同的词，咱们也要弄清楚每个词所代表的意义，特别是呈现指代的时分。这儿的they很明显指的是题干中的painters, 而不是同学们挑选B时的对应句中的cave paintings。咱们真实的答案句应该是文中的’This means that artists were forced to work in cramped spaces and without sources of natural light.’ 由于无法使用自然光而反向推导出painters只能使用人工光源，所以正确答案应该选C。
细节处理之躲藏逻辑
【例题1】
The empty shell of a snail or clam may be left behind, and if it is sufficiently durable and resistant to dissolution, it may remain basically unchanged for a long period of time.
TPO 20: Fossil Preservation
When snail or clam shells are left behind, they must be empty in order to remain durable and resist dissolution.
Although snail and clam shells are durable and resist dissolving, over time they slowly begin to change.
Although the soft parts of snails or clams dissolve quickly, their hard shells resist dissolution for a long time.
Empty snail or clam shells that are strong enough not to dissolve may stay in their original state for a long time.
【正确答案】D
【经典过错】A
【过错原因】躲藏逻辑的状况比较简单呈现在语句简化题傍边。尽管咱们一直着重做这一题型时逻辑联系的开掘非常重要，但偶然咱们也会陷入到惯性思想，掉进命题者的圈套。比如这题同学们很简单排除去B, C两个选项，由于原句中不包括转机的逻辑。然后根据原句中的条件逻辑(if), 所以想当然地挑选到A (when)。
【正确解析】假如咱们细心研讨下A选项，就不难发现A选项中的条件与原句中的条件底子不是一回事：原句中的条件在A选项中变成了意图(in order to)。采纳这样的排除法，咱们就能挑选到正确选项D了。当然，从D选项自身动身，咱们也能开掘出这个语句中躲藏的条件逻辑，即限制性定语从句that are strong enough not to dissolve。
【例题2】
In addition to the internal variability of the global climate system itself, there is the added factor of external influences, such as volcanoes and solar activity. There is a growing body of opinion that both these physical variations have a measurable impact on the climate. Thus we need to be able to include these in our deliberations. Some current analyses conclude that volcanoes and solar activity explain quite a considerable amount of the observed variability in the period from the seventeenth to the early twentieth centuries, but that they cannot be invoked to explain the rapid warming in recent decades.
TPO10: Variations in the Climate
Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Indeed, the contribution of volcanoes and solar activity would more likely have been to actually reduce the rate of warming slightly.
Where would the sentence best fit?
【正确答案】D
【经典过错】A
【过错原因】这道题同学们误选A的原因其实很简单，就是看到要刺进的语句中有volcanoes and solar activity就联想到有必要放在这组词的后边。而A处似乎接受起来也问题不大，所以就直接动笔挑选了。
【正确解析】这儿咱们又疏忽了一个躲藏逻辑’indeed’。这类表示‘事实上’的词(in fact, actually, virtually...)尽管不是咱们一般意义上的逻辑关联词，但却能在必定程度上表达出转机或递进的意义，这种躲藏的逻辑起到的作用在刺进文本题傍边尤其杰出。所以假如咱们可以看出indeed在这儿的接受联系，那么不论是转机仍是递进，咱们都应该知道，前文中有必要说到和rate of warming相关的话题才干进行插空，这样的话D选项就不难选出了。
以上就是辛达代报为同学们带来的文章，期望你们可以获得了自己想要的信息。最后，辛达代报预祝广大考生早日实现梦想，飞跃重洋！