阅读句子插入题从上下文逻辑来解题


辛达代报考位提醒:到2017年8月28官网没有释放考位,在此提醒广大考生抓紧时间报名,如果暂时没有考位的话可以提交给我们代报,广大考生注意考试时间。



摘要:托福阅览考试是整个托福考试中考生最有可能拿到高分乃至是满分的学科。其间包含10大类题型,其间一类题型是语句刺进题,这类题型能够会给考生一些费事,那么考生应该怎么战胜这个费事呢?辛达代报在这里为答案回答。
在托福阅览的考察中,每篇文章必会出现一类题,叫做"Insert Text Questions",即刺进语句题(简称刺进题)。考试中,考生会遇到一句话,问该句刺进文中四个黑色方块中的哪个方位最适宜。这类题型重点考察英文语句间的逻辑语义联系,即英文中语句与语句是怎么联接在一起的。所以,只需把握了英语语句间的联接方法(cohesive devices),这种问题便可方便的解决。 那么联接方法到底有哪些呢?怎么经过发现语句里的躲藏玄机而找到上下文的逻辑呢?
一、 代词联接
代词联接详细包含人称代词(they, them, it等)、指示代词(these, this, such等)和联系代词等(their, its等)。在上下句的相关中,代词是最为严密的一类词。当作者再次谈及上句相关论题时,为了避免重复,遵从语言学的最简单化原理,作者会用代词指代该论题词。因而,如果要刺进的语句中出现代词,标明语句前面含有该代词指代的名词事物或某句话所描绘的工作。只需我们找到代词所指代的内容,就能够把要刺进的语句放在所指代内容的语句的后边。
二、定冠词the + 名词
名词所指目标第一次出现时,用不定冠词a联接,当后句再次提及该名词目标时,为了标明它和前一句名词是同一联系,会用定冠词the引出。因而,如果语句中出现(the + 名词),标明该名词之前已出现,只需我们找到该名词第一次出现的语句,把要刺进的语句放在这个语句后边,再看逻辑是否通畅即可。
以上两种联接方法能够经过以下这个比如来更好地阐明:
We all know that many more people today are right-handed than left-handed. Can one trace this same pattern far back in prehistory? ■Much of the evidence about right-hand versus left-hand dominance comes from stencils and prints found in rock shelters in Australia and elsewhere, and in many Ice Age caves in France, Spain, and Tasmania. ■When a left hand has been stenciled, this implies that the artist was right-handed, and vice versa. ■Even though the paint was often sprayed on by mouth, one can assume that the dominant hand assisted in the operation. One also has to make the assumption that hands were stenciled palm downward—a left hand stenciled palm upward might of course look as if it were a right hand. ■Of 148 stencils in the French cave of Gargas, 136 have been identified as left, and only 22 as right; right-handedness was therefore heavily predominant.
Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?
The stencils of hands found in these shelters and caves allow us to draw conclusions about which hand was dominant.
解题思路: 快速阅览需要被刺进原文中的语句,立刻能够看到语句中说到了指示代词these,其内容为these shelters and caves,依据指示代词的性质,shelters and caves一定在上一句语句中说到,因而我们只需要寻觅原文中含有这个信息的语句即可。另外,本句还有定冠词the stencils,证明stencils也是在本句之前已出现。 然后分别阅览四个方块之前的语句:第二句说到既说到了stencils也说到了rock shelters和 Ice Age caves,因而能够判别放在第二个黑色方块的方位,代入进去后再读一下是否通畅即可断定。
三、 名词联接:重复论题词或同义近义改写
如果要刺进的语句中没有代词联接,那么要考虑名词联接。语句中所说到的名词相关内容在该句中的上下句必然会重复出现,详细是出现在该句中的上一句还是下一句要看语句自身的意思提示。有时候语句中的名词会以同义替换的方法出现,或对该名词进行改写。
四、逻辑联接:总分,因果,转机,举例等逻辑提示词
如果语句中含有某种逻辑提示词,能够依据相应逻辑联系来揣度上下文的内容。比如in a number of ways提示语句是个总起句,下文接详细各个方面的描绘;this is a consequence of…提示本句是原因句,上文是某个现象或现实结果的描绘句;however提示本句带转机联系,下文和上文出现转机或相反的意思,等等。
以上名词联接和逻辑联接的使用能够经过以下比如更好地阐明:
■Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities. ■The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion of Mount St. Helens, in the northwestern United States, for example, pales in comparison to the destruction caused by humans. ■We need to know what aspects of a community are most important to the community’s resistance to destruction, as well as its recovery. ■
Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?
In fact, damage to the environment by humans is often much more severe than damage by natural events and processes.
首先本句里的in fact提示本句是一个观念句,意思是人类对环境的损坏远远大于天然事情。再来看本句中的名词联接:damage by humans, damage by natural events。提示上下文会说到跟人类和天然的损坏。原文B选项前面的语句有说到“climax communities are being damaged or destroyed by human activities”群落遭到人类活动的损坏, B选项后边的语句是一个example,内容是美国某个火山爆发所形成的危害,与人类形成的损坏比较显得相形见绌。因而我们考虑放在B选项或C选项,再依据先说观念再举比如的说话逻辑,能够判别B选项愈加适宜。
简而言之,要刺进的语句里的代词,定冠词,名词词组和逻辑提示词都是破解上下文逻辑的关键。有了以上的“必杀技“,妈妈再也不必忧虑我不会做刺进语句题啦!
以上就是辛达代报为我们带来的托福阅览语句刺进题的解题技巧,期望对我们托福阅览提分有协助。最终,辛达代报预祝我们托福考试能取得抱负的成果。