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同学们知道托福阅览中的四大玄机吗?快和辛达托福代报一起来了解一下吧!
01.
托福阅览中常常出现的四大逻辑联系,掌握了它们就等于掌握了托福阅览解题技巧的一个重要部分。
1. 因果联系
因:because, because of, for, as, since, in that, on account of, with
果:so, so that, therefore, thereby, as a result, hence, thus, consequently, accordingly
因果联系除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外,隐性的因果同样是不可忽略的一个重要部分。
隐性因果:
A 导致(因-果):cause, reason, lead to, give rise to, result in, render, make, let, ask, support, push, stimulate, spark, spur, fuel, produce, be responsible for
如The increased pressures of expanding populations have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and towns are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees and shrubs。
在这段话中,有lead to, 表明了导致的意思,即结果; 而so that 更进一步表明了后边的结果,所以能够充沛断定这段话有因果联系的逻辑。
B 由…而来(果-因):result from, derive from, originate from, initiate from, stem from, be responsive to, be attributable to
如 “The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process。”
在这段话中,依据result from能够推断出有因果联系,那如果是解释句子题时,选项中有因果联系就能够优先考虑。
C 反映,体现(果-因): reflect, present, demonstrate, suggest, imply, show
This result demonstrates that…
D 考虑到: given, considering, in view of, thanks to, according to
He succeeded thanks to (in view of) his effort。
E 依赖于: rely on, depend on, resort to,
He resorted to books when he had problems。
F 条件联系:when, once, as soon as, as long as
As soon as he got the money, he would leave the country at once。
G 分词短语,不定式做状语
Failing in the final exam, she cried。
2. 比照转机联系
A 比照:while, whereas, on the other hand
在解释句子题,刺进句子题中,一旦出现比照联系,学生在掌握的基础上就能十分快速的断定句间和句内的联系。While, whereas 前后衔接的是平行结构,on the other hand前必定有on one hand, 能够用来掌握句间联系。
B 转机:but, although, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, however
转机是托福阅览的一个经典考点之一,辛达托福代报认为掌握这些转机词对考试十分有协助。
3. 比较联系
A 同级比较 as…as
B 比较级:more…than, -er than, less…than
C 改变:change, alter, vary, modify, revise, increase, decrease, enhance, diminish, develop, progress, advance, improve, retreat, degenerate, continue, remain
D 差异:different, distinguish, separate, same, similar, comparable, compare…to
E 逾越:surpass, exceed, excel, over
F 第一流
1)自身有第一流意义:maximum, minimum, peak, outstanding, top
2) 自身程度比较深:amazing, surprising, astonishing, prohibitively high
3) 否定+比较=第一流
No one is more outstanding than him。
从这句话中能够看出,否定加比较表明的是一种第一流联系。
4. 否定联系
显性否定:no, not, never, nor, none neither
隐形否定:fail to, refuse, remove, miss, reject, absence of, lack of
否定前缀:a-, ab-, dis-, il-, im-, in-, non- , un-
否定前缀是词汇题中常常出的一个考点,掌握否定前缀能够协助考生掌握一些生词,依靠否定前缀对选项进行一个扫除。
两层否定;not fail to, not illegal, not uncommon, not unavailable
两层否定是英文中常常运用的表达方式,因为在平时中文对话中用的很少,随意对两层否定的掌握就显得特别的重要。
以上就是辛达托福代报给同学们收拾分享的内容,希望会对我们的学习有协助。